الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the Work
Systemic effectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with great variety of paraneoplastic syndrome which can antedate the local effect of the tumour. Many studies mentioned that there is autonomic dysfunctions in liver cirrhosis. No available studies concerned with autonomic functions as a remote manifestation in hepatocellular carcinoma as paraneoplastic symptoms. Aim of the work:
To study cardiovascular autonomic functions in patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. Method: The present study comprises 40 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 31 males and 9 females, 60 patients with liver cirrhosis, 47 male and 13 female, and 20 normal individual, 17 males and 3 females, as a control group. Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis was based on clinical, radiological and laboratory finding. Results:
Comparative analysis of clinical data between hepatoma and cirrhotic group revealed high significant difference in abdominal tenderness and liver size, liver consistency in patients with hepatoma when compared to patients with cirrhosis. Comparative analysis of laboratory data of hepatoma versus cirrhotic group showed significant increase in total serum billirubin, ALT and serum calcium in patients with hepatoma. Comparative analysis of cardiovascular autonomic reflex and QTc interval of cirrhotic versus control groups showed mild significant impairment in V.R. in cirrhotic when compared with control group. Conclusions:
Autonomic dysfunction, more frequently parasympathetic was present in both cirrhotic and hepatoma patients, and was related to the severity of liver failure in both groups, so such simple clinical tests should be used during evaluation of such cases.