الفهرس 
Introduction
Diabetes mellitusOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of the type I diabetes in children and adolescents, duration of the disease and degree of metabolic control on BMD and calcium homeostasis. Thirty-eight subjects with IDDM defined according to WHO criteria (WHO study group, 1994) were recuruited in this study. Age ranged from 4 to 15 years (mean age 11.3 3 years), they included 24 females (63.2%) and 14 males (36.8%). A group of twelve healthy children of matched age and sex were chosen as a control group for lab. Investigation. Normal BMD was determined in 352 healthy Egyptian children (195 males and 154 females), age ranged from 1 to 15 years. Patients and controls were subjected to: 1- Thorough history and clinical examination 2- HbA1c determination for metabolic control 3- Fasting morning blood sample after overnight fast for: - Serum calcium, serum phosphosphorus. - Total Alkaline phosphatase - 25 (OH) D3 - PTH 4- Fasting urinary calcium and creatinine excretion was measured and expressed as urinary calcium/creatinine ratio. 5- BMD of lumbar spine L2-L4 were measured using DEXA (DPX-IQ-lunar USA). The results of this study shows: 1- Serum Calcium, Serum phosphrous, urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, alkaline phosphatase and 25 (OH) D3 demonstrated non significant change in diabetic patients compared to controls and in patients with IDDM for more than 2 years compared to those of 2 years duration. 2- PTH demonstrated significant lower values in diabetic patients compared to control. 3- BMD is lower in patients with IDDM: - Overall z-score - 0.8 - 23.7% has sever osteopenia (Z-score > -2 or more negative) - 10.5% has mild osteopenia (Z-score-1 to <-2) - 65.8% has normal BMD. 4- There is inverse significant correlation between disease duration and z-score of BMD. 5- No significant correlation between HbA1c (mean metabolic control) and BMD or z-score. 6- No significant correlation between z-score and calcium homeostatic parameters. No significant difference in all studied parameters in male diabetics compared to female diabetics.