الفهرس 
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Abstract
The thesis deals with the study of the characterization and physical properties of low energy ion beam modified polymers. Low energy At and 0/ ion beam (mean value 2KeV) and high density (8 mA/cm2) with a divergence half angle 5°, was used to bombard the polymer surface.
The polymers used in this study are PV A, PV A/Thiophene conducting composites, ABS, Azodye doped ABS, PES and PVDF.
Five techniques have been used in this study; namely optical microscopy, IR-UV and visible spectroscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, micro indentation technique study and electrical measuring technique. Optical microscopy study of the polymer surface revealed the formation of well defined features after irradiation of the film with Ar+ and 0/ ions. The features range from spherulites (crystallization) as in the case of PVA, for example, to aggregates in other films.
The structural modification of the studied polymers was confer by FTIR spectra and x-ray spectra. The FTIR spectra of the studied polymers revealed the appearance of some new bands after the bombardment of polymer surface with Ar+ and 0/. On the other hand, X-ray spectra revealed the destruction of the crystallinity in some semi-crystalline polymers such as PVDF, for example, and the enhancement of the crystallization in Pv A after irradiation.
The UV absorption studies revealed that the absorbance decreases after the exposure of the polymer films to Ar+ and 0 2+ ions. Further, the optical energy gap, Eg Opt was found to be decreased after ion irradiation indicating the formation of defects and fragments.