الفهرس 
Introduction & Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence that the obesity may be associated with multiple neuroendocrine pathways alterations, such as hypothalmopituitavy adrenal axis, insulin and sympathetic pathways. Aim of the work: To investigate the relation between the insulin serum, cortisol as well as sympatho adrenal activity and different BMI. Method: A total of 75 subjects of different body mass indices were enrolled in this study. They were divided into 4 groups according to body mass index: Group I: subjects of BMI < 20, Group II: subjects of BMI 20-25, Group III: subjects of BMI 25-30, Group IV: subjects of BMI > 30. All subjects were subjected to full clinical history, clinical examination especially BMI, waist circumference and laboratory investigations especially serum insulin, cortisol, C-peptide, noradrenaline and lipogram. Results: The present study demonstrated the following: Significant +ve correlation between: (1) Systolic, diastolic blood pressure and both BMI and waist circumference. (2) Serum level of insulin and BMI and waist circumference. (3) Serum level of cortisol, BMI and waist circumference. (4) Total cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol with BMI and (5) serum noradrenaline and both insulin and cortisol. Conclusions: Increased waist circumference may be used as an important predictor for development of insulin resistance and PS usually associated with more cardiovascular risks and morbidity rates. Abdominal obesity may be characterized by hyper-activation of hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis. Insulin has a fat sparing effect by stimulation of accumulation of fat in adipose tissue. Hyperinsulinemia lead to increase in sympathetic nerve activity as determined by elevated plasma norepinephrine secretion. Hyperinsulinemia is usually associated with elevated blood pressure most probably a sympathetic mediated action. Central obesity is considered as a stress condition commonly associated with elevated cortisol secretion, followed by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and hypertension.