الفهرس 
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Abstract
Two field trials were conduced at Sakha Agricultural Research Station during the two successive growing seasons 2004 and 2005 to study the impact of three methods of surface irrigation which are:
1- Short Furrows,
2. Long furrows and
3. Border irrigation, also during this present work three land leveling practices were used as, traditional land leveling, dead level (precision leveling) and ground surface slope of 10cms/100 m (0.1%) on salt distribution patterns and moisture extraction under Egyptian cotton variety Giza 86. The experimental design which used in this study was split-plot with four replicates, where the main plots were assigned to surface irrigation methods and the sub plot were devoted to land leveling methods.
Results revealed that, the salt concentration in soil after fifth irrigation were decreased by 17.79, 15.22 and 12.76% under border, long furrows and short furrows. While the decrease in salt concentration after harvesting of cotton were 20.17, 20.12 and 13.71% under border, long furrows and short furrows irrigation. Furthermore, the salt content under 0.1%ground surface slope was decreased as compared to dead level and traditional land leveling. At the same time, more than 70% of water extracted by cotton roots was obtained from the upper 30 cm soil layer, while less than 30% was extracted from the lower soil layer (30-60 cm).
Results revealed that, the short furrows irrigation combined with 0.1% ground surface slope significantly affected the seed cotton yield, and all growth parameters. Data also revealed that 0.1% ground surface slope and dead level received the less amounts of irrigation water in the two studied seasons. Also, water application efficiency increased under short furrows irrigation and 0.1% ground surface slope. Compared to long furrows and border irrigation. The data showed that the highest values of crop and field water use efficiencies were achieved with short furrows irrigation and 0.1% ground surface slope.