الفهرس 
Non-aqueous titrationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This thesis is devoted to the non-aqueous titration I sixteen different nitrogenous base halides in substance as well as in some pharmaceutical preparations.
The thesis also describes the non-aqueous titration of theophylline and acepifylline each in compound pharma¬ceutical preparations as well as the spectrophotometric analysis of compound acepifylline preparations.
The thesis compriess four main parts:
Part I:
Introduction and overview to the non-aqueous titration of the investigated nitrogenous bases; papaverine hydrochlo-ride, quinine hydrochloride, homatropine hydrobromide, codeine hydrochloride, neostigmine bromide, ephedrine hydro-chloride , chlorpromazine hydrochloride, promethazine ydro¬chloride, thioridazine hydrochloride, trifluoperazine di-hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, buclizine di-hydrochloride, antazoline hydrochloride,thiamine hydrochlo¬ride,tetracaine hydrochloride, procaine hydrochloride, theophylline And acepifylline in addition to the acidic compound, phenobarbitone.
Literature review on The different methods of analysis of these compounds and their official methods of analysis are included in this part.
Part II:
This part describes a rapid and sensitive non-aqueous tit ration method for the determination of four phenothia-zine hydrochlorides; chlorpromazine hydrochloride, prometha-zine hydrochloride, thioridazine hydrochloride and trifluo-perazine dihydrochloride both in pure form and in some pharmaceutical preparations by direct titration in acetic acid-acetic anhydride mixture with acetous silver perchlo-rate solution. The end point is determined either visually using crystal violet indicator or potentiometrically with glass-Ag/AgCl combination electrode. In comparison to the official mercury {II) acetate method, silver perchlorate can replace both perchloric acid titrant and the highly toxic environmental polluting mercury (II) acetate reagent. Fhe method is accurate, precise and can be applied to rout¬ine analysis of phenothiazine hydrochlorides in pure form is well as in certain dosage forms. The mean percent ecoveries obtained range from 99.12 + 0.85 to 101.48 ± Statistical comparison of the results with those of ompendial methods shows good agreement and indicates no
ignificant difference in precision.
Ill:
This part describes a simple, accurate and environmen-1 non-polluting non-aqueous titration method for the letermination of sixteen different nitrogenous base halides 6n pure form and in some pharmaceutical preparations. Bis-Both oxyacetate proved to be a good substitute to the mer¬cury (II) acetate which is uptill now the most commonly used reagent in official compendia for eliminating the ■interfering effect of halides. The new reagent is non-ioni¬zed in anhydrous acetic acid and does not consume perchloric acid. Meanwhile, it eliminates the effect of halides. Papaverine hydrochloride, quinine hydrochloride, homatropine hydrobromide, codeine hydrochloride, neostigmine bromide, ephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, pro-methazine hydrochloride, thioridazine hydrochloride, tri-fluoperazine dihydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, mclizine dihydrochloride, antazoline hydrochloride and hiamine hydrochloride are titrated potentiometrically in nhydrous acetic acid with either trifluoromethyl sulphonic :id or perchloric acid using glass-Ag/AgCl combination Lectrode. Procaine hydrochloride and tetracaine hydro-iloride were first acetylated by acetic acid-acetic”
lydride mixture then titrated potentiometrically after addition of bismuth oxyacetate reagent. The method
accurate, precise and comparable to the mercury (II) Ktate method. The mean percent recoveries obtained Inge from 99.31 ± 0.19 to 100.87 + 0.24.
This part describes a simple non-aqueous titration ithod for the determination of theophylline content of foree compound tablet formulations containing different [nitrogenous base halides as ephedrine hydrochloride, mec-lozine dihydrochloride and papaverine hydrochloride as well las the acidic substance phenobarbitone and nicotinic acid. The method has also been applied to the determination of acepifylline content of eight different compound pharmaceu¬tical preparations with phenobarbitone and/or papaverine ! hydrochloride. The method depends on titrating theophylline ’ or acepifylline in acetic acid-acetic anhydride medium with perchloric acid. Any nitrogenous base halide present in ■tablet formulation is eliminated by reaction with acetous bilver perchlorate reagent. This reagent precipitates silver halide and forms the corresponding nitrogenous base ; :hlorate. Excess reagent, acidic substance and many tablet excipients do not interfere. The end point is
:ected either visually with crystal violet indicator or potentiometrically using glass-Ag/AgCl combination elect¬rode. The mean percent recoveries of theophylline content range from 99.6 ± 0.48 to 100.0 ± 0.63 and acepifylline from 99.24 + 0.92 to 100.95 + 0.69.
The spectrophotometric analysis are carried out using :he A max-method. Acepifylline and papaverine hydrochloride are determined in hydrochloric acid solutions at 273 and 250 nm, respectively. Phenobarbitone is determined in
ithanol at \__v 239 nm without interference of either ace-iiicix
Lfylline or papaverine hydrochloride. The mean percent recoveries of acepifylline range from 99.69 ± 0.56 to 100.49 + 0.63, papaverine hydrochloride range from 99.76 ± 0.59 to 99.91 + 0.69 and phenobarbitone from 99.80 ± 0.91 to 100.90 + 0.53. Statistical comparison of the results obtained by the non-aqueous titration of acepifylline and the UV-spectrophotometric method revealed no signifi¬cant difference in accuracy and precision.