الفهرس 
PHYSIOLOGIC CONSEDRATIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the last 15 years, the perception of transfusion of allogeneic blood in the surgical setting has moved from a benign intervention, sometimes life-saving, to an outcome to be avoided. Whereas the transfusion of blood products in the surgical patient was once an uncomplicated aspect of the procedure, the recognition in the early 1980s that blood transfusion carried a risk of HIV infection forced a reevaluation of the indication for transfusing surgical patient. Since then, an extensive literature has developed on the indication for, risks of, and alternatives to transfusion of allogeneic blood. There is now general agreement that transfusion decisions should be primarily based on an individual patient’s need for global and regional oxygen supply as indicated by signs of inadequate global and regional oxygenation, Major life-threatening complications following blood transfusion are rare and human error remains an important etiological factor in many. Preoperative autologous blood donation and the use of erythropoietin are efficacious preoperative strategies. Intraoperatively, ANH, cell salvage. antifibrinolytics, and accepted minimal hemoglobin values may also be used in the postoperative period