الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate and compare the influence of MTAD and the alternateuse of EDTA and NaOCl on the apical microleakage after root canal obturation with laterallycondensed gutta percha (in vitro) also to evaluate the dentinal surface changes of the root canal walls caused by MTAD irrigating solution and the alternate use of EDTA and NaOCl and itsrelevance to root canal sealing (SEM).R oots were randomly divided into six groups of thirteen teeth each according to irrigation regimens. The roots of the first group were irrigated with saline after each file, second group were irrigated with NaOCl after each file, third group were irrigated with MTAD solution as an irrigantafter each file, fourth group were irrigated with NaOCl after each file use followed by EDTA at the end of instrumentation, fifth group were irrigated with NaOCl after each file use followed by MTAD at the end of instrumentation and the sixth group were irrigated with NaOCl after each file followed by final irrigation with EDTA and NaOCl. Dye penetration method and scanning electron microscope were used in this study.The following conclusions are drawn :1. Using MTAD as a final rinse of root canal following irrigation with NaOCl can.2. Using NaOCl as a final flush following irrigation with EDTA increases dentine surfaceirregularities which may lead to increase apical microleakage.3. Using MTAD as a single irrigating solution is almost capable of removing the smear layer.4. Using MTAD as a final rinse of root canal following irrigation with NaOCl may be considered as an efficient method for removal of smear layer without erosion of the dentine compared to final irrigation with EDTA.5. Removal of smear layer may decrease the apical microleakage when using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Endofill for root canal obturation.