الفهرس 
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Abstract
This work was carried out during the period from 2006 to 2007 in special farm of mushroom production at Kaffer-Saker, Sharkia Governorate, to study the effect of organic agricultural waste substrates and mixed organic agricultural waste substrates as ratios on the productivity of oyster mushroom.
First experiment: Effect of organic agricultural waste substrates on the productivity of oyster mushroom
The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of organic substrates; i.e., rice straw, wheat straw, Faba bean straw, cotton straw, maize straw, tomato straw, pepper straw, eggplant stalks, snap bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw, groundnut straw and okra straw on quantity and quality yield of oyster mushroom.
The obtained results could be summarized as follows:
5.1.1 Yield
Rice straw substrate gave the highest values of early yield, total yield and early yield/total yield ratio as compared to other substrates, while eggplant stalks and okra straw substrates gave the lowest values of early yield, total yield and early yield/total yield ratio.
5.1.2 Cap weight, fruit body weight and cap weight/fruit body weight ratio
Rice straw and wheat straw gave the highest values of cap weight, fruit body weight and cap weight/fruit body weight ratio, while oyster mushroom grown on okra straw substrate gave the lowest values of cap weight, fruit body weight and cap weight/fruit body weight ratio.
5.1.3 Stipe length, stipe wide and stipe weight
Tomato straw, eggplant stalks and okra straw as growth media gave the highest values of stipe length and the lowest value of stipe wide, meanwhile rice straw recoded the lowest value of stipe length and the highest stipe wide.
In general, all substrates under study had insignificant effect on stipe weight.5.1.4 Number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency
Oyster mushroom grown on rice straw media gave the highest values of number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency (%) as compared with other substrates. On the other hand, eggplant stalks and okra straw recorded the lowest values of number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency (%).
5.1.5 Number of days from spawning till full colonization, number of days from full colonization till the first flush and total yield/wet substrate weight ratioThere were significant effects to type of growth media on number of days from spawning till full colonization, number of days from full colonization till the first flush and total yield/wet substrate weight ratio. Rice straw recorded the minimum number of days from spawning till full colonization and number of days from full colonization till the first flush, while rice straw and wheat straw gave the highest value of percentage to total yield/wet substrate weight.
Meanwhile, eggplant stalks and okra straw significantly increased number of days from spawning till full colonization and number of days from full colonization till the first flush, but eggplant stalks and okra straw recorded the lowest value of percentage to total yield/wet substrate weight as compared to other substrates under study.5.1.6 Number and weight of clusters of fruit body
Rice straw, wheat straw and faba bean straw gave the highest values of number and weight of cluster of fruit body, while okra straw recorded the lowest values of number and weight of cluster of fruit body.5.1.7 Minerals contents (NPK)Fruit bodies produced on Fabaceae substrates (faba bean straw, snap bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw and groundnut straw) had the highest values of nitrogen and potassium contents as compared to other substrates.
On the other hand, wheat straw, faba bean straw, snap bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw and groundnut straw recorded the highest value of phosphorus content in dry fruit bodies of oyster mushroom as compared to other substrates.4.1.8 Crude protein, carbohydrate, and dry weight of fruit body Oyster mushroom grown on Fabaceae substrates (faba bean straw, snap bean straw, pea straw, cowpea straw and groundnut straw) gave the highest values of crude protein and carbohydrate contents when compared with the other substrates. Meanwhile, wheat straw, faba bean straw, tomato straw, snap bean straw, pea straw or cowpea straw gave the highest values of dry weight of fruit body as compared to other substrates. But oyster mushroom grown on okra straw recorded the lowest value of dry weight of fruit body.
5.2 SECOND EXPERIMENT: Effect of substrates and mixed substrates on the productivity of oyster mushroom
The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of organic substrates and mixed substrates; i.e., rice straw, faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw, groundnut straw, rice straw + faba bean straw (1:1), rice straw + faba bean straw (2:1), rice straw + faba bean straw (3:1), rice straw + cowpea straw (1:1), rice straw + cowpea straw (2:1), rice straw + cowpea straw (3:1), rice straw + pea straw (1:1), rice straw + pea straw (2:1), rice straw + pea straw (3:1), rice straw + groundnut straw (1:1), rice straw + groundnut straw (2:1), rice straw + groundnut straw (3:1) on quantity and quality of yield of oyster mushroom.
5.2.1 Yield
Rice straw mixed with Fabaceae substrates (faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw or groundnut straw) at the lowest level (3:1) were superior in producing both early and total yield when compared with rice straw only and other mixed ratios. But there were significant differences among substrates and mixed substrates on early yield/total yield ratio, but without constant trend.
5.2.2 Cap weight, fruit body weight and cap weight/fruit body weight ratio
Application of faba bean straw to rice straw at ratio (3:1) caused a high increment in cap weight and fruit body weight above all other substrates and other mixed substrates at all ratios. But growing oyster mushroom on groundnut straw significantly decreased the cap weight and fruit body weight.
On the other hand, there were no significant differences in cap weight/fruit body weight ratio among the different substrates and mixed substrates in both seasons of study.
5.2.3 Stipe length, stipe wide and stipe weight Oyster mushroom grown on groundnut straw gave the highest value of stipe length and the lowest value of stipe wide. While rice straw recoded the lowest value of stipe length and the highest value of stipe wide as compared to other media growth substrates and mixed substrates under study.On the other hand, there were no significant differences in stipe weight among the different substrates and mixed substrates in both seasons of study.5.2.4 Number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency
Oyster mushroom grown on rice straw substrate gave the highest values of number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency (%) as compared with other single substrates (faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw and groundnut straw). On the other hand, mixed rice straw with any straws of Fabaceae family (faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw and groundnut straw) at ratio (3:1) caused a significant increase in number of fruit bodies/bag, cap diameter and biological efficiency (%) more than rice straw substrate only and other mixed ratios.
5.2.5 Number of days from spawning till full colonization, number of days from full colonization till the first flush and total yield/wet substrate weight ratio Rice straw recorded the minimum number of days from spawning till full colonization and number of days from full colonization till the first flush, as compared to other single or mixed substrates. While cowpea straw and groundnut straw increased significantly number of days from spawning till full colonization and number of days from full colonization till the first flush.
Mixing rice straw with faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw or groundnut straw at ratio (3:1) each gave the highest value of percentage to total yield/wet substrate weight ratio as compared to other substrates and mixed substrates. Meanwhile, oyster mushroom grown on pea straw or groundnut straw recorded the lowest value of percentage to total yield/wet substrate weight
5.2.6 Number and weight of clusters of fruit body Rice straw as single substrate or mixed with faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw or groundnut straw at lowest ratio (3:1) gave the highest values of number and weight of clusters of fruit body as compared to other media growth under study. While groundnut straw as single substrate recorded the lowest values of number and weight of clusters of fruit body.5.2.7 Minerals contents (NPK)
Fruit bodies produced on Fabaceae substrates (faba bean straw, cowpea straw, pea straw and groundnut straw) gave the highest value of nitrogen content when compared with rice straw, which recorded the lowest value of nitrogen in dry fruit body. Meanwhile there were insignificant differences in phosphorus and potassium contents in dry fruit body of oyster mushroom grown on various substrates and mixed substrates under study conditions.
4.1.8 Crude protein, carbohydrate, and dry weight of fruit body
Using faba bean straw or rice straw mixed with faba bean straw at all ratios under study as growth media to oyster mushroom showed the highest values of protein and carbohydrate contents in dry fruit bodies as compared to other substrates. Meanwhile, rice straw recorded the lowest values of protein and carbohydrate contents. But there was no significant difference in dry weight of fruit body.
CONCLUSION
1-We can cultivated oyster mushroom on any agriculture waste under study, and the best substrate was rice straw which gave the highest yield and quality
2-Mixed rice straw with Fabaceae wastes increased yield and quality at all ratios under study, and the best ratio was 3:1