الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was planned to study the effect of pesticides on mice chromosomes and the role of Nigella sativa oil in protection against pesticide hazards. So, the effect of one pesticide (malathion) was studied by two ways: 1) Acute exposure experiment: 36 mice of both sexes were used and divided into six groups the first two groups used as control groups (without any treatment and Nigella sativa oil).The third and forth groups were given intraperitoneally malathion only in doses (1/10 and 1/20 LD50). The last two groups were given malathion by the previous two doses with Nigella sativa oil (160 mg/ kg b.wt). Half of animals were scarified, after 24 and the other half scarified after 48 hrs from administration. Mitotic index, chromosome abnormalities and micronucleus tests were done on bone marrow cells. 2) Chronic exposure experiment: 40 mice of both sexes were used and divided into six groups. The first two groups used as control groups (without any treatment and Nigella sativa oil). The third and forth groups were given malathion orally (added to diet) in doses (25 and 50 mg/ kg ration). The last two groups were given malathion by the previous two doses with Nigella sativa oil (7.9 ml / kg ration). Half of animals were scarified after one month and the other half after two month from begging of administration. The same three testes were done as in acute experiment in addition to evaluation of AST and ALT liver enzymes. The results showed that malathion has a great mutagenic effect in both short and long term exposure appear in form of increase in different forms of chromosomal aberrations especially, structural chromosomal aberrations, clear decrease in the rate of cell division (Mitotic index) and noticeable increase in the rate of micronucleus formation. Also it has a hepatotoxic effect appear in the increase occur in the liver enzymes in chronic exposure experiment. The use of Nigella sativa had a fair protective effect against the hazards of malathion either on genetic material or on liver appear in form of decrease in number of aberrant bone marrow cells, increase in mitotic index, decrease in the rate of formation of micronucleus and sport liver health as liver enzymes level in blood decreased.