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Abstract
This work aims to investigate whether color Doppler ultrasound can detect active spermatogenic foci within azoospermic testis or not. Moreover whether FNAC of the azoospermic testis can provide cytological material for qualitative and quantitative analysis compared with open testicular histopathology of some cases. This work aims also to prove if Doppler guided FNAC can be considered a non invasive diagnostic parameter in male infertility. This study was carried out on 150 azoosperrnic patients attending the Andrology unit, Dermatology and Venereology Department, Zagazig University. The following were done to every patient 1- Full history t aking. 2- Clinical examination, general and local, with interest on testicular volume. 3- Seminal analysis for at least 2 different occasions. 4- Hormonal evaluation of FSH. 5- Color Doppler ultrasound for both testis of every patient. 6- FNAC from sites detected by Doppler. 7- Interpretation of FNAC smear usmg pattern recognition and differential cell count. 8- The results were classified for both FNAC and Open biopsy to normal, hypospermatogenesis, spermatogenic arrest, SCOS, hyalinization / peritubular fibrosis and mixed cells. 9- Evaluating results of Doppler and cytology. lu-Evaluating results of cytology and open biopsy histopathology.