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Abstract
Acute leukaemia represents 10% of all cancers and more than 50% of all types of leukaemia.
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the common form in children and is highest at 3-4 years with a lower frequency after 10 years with a secondary rise after the age of 40 years while acute myloblastic leukaemia (AML) occurs in all age groups and is the common form in adults including elderly and accounts for 10-15 % of leukaemia in childhood and 80-90 % of acute leukaemia in adults.
Trace elements have an important role in both normal biological function and toxicity in human .
The aim of this work is to study some trace elements levels namely selenium,copper, zinc and iron in the serum of patients with acute leukaemia (acute lymphoplastic leukaemia and acute myeloplastic leukaemia) and their effect on the prognosis of the disease .
Many of the trace elements are mutagenic and many of them are probably carcirogenic .
The study included 50 subjects classified into three groups:-
• Control group (Group I): It is composed of 20 apparently healthy persons of both sexes.
• Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Group II): icludes 20 patients that already diagnosed as acute lymphoplastic leukaemia.
• Acute myloblastic leukaemia (Group III): include 10 patients that already diagnosed as acute myloplastic leukaemia.
All groups were subjected to the following investigations:
• Full medical history
• Complete clinical examination
• Routine laboratory investigations include:
1-Complete blood picture
2-liver function tests
3-kidney function tests
• Bone marrow aspiration ( examination, immunophenotyping and flowcytometric analysis) for sure diagnosis in patients group.
• Specific investigations include:
- Serum trace elements selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (A.A.S).
- Serum iron and total iron binding capacity using clorometric method.
- Serum B2 microglobulin by radio immunoassay.
The results revealed that:
Serum selenium levels decreased in both types of acute leukaemia before treatment when compared to control group.
In ALL after treatment the level of selenium showed slight rise but not reach to control level with non significant rise, while in AML after treatment there was no rise in the level of selenium.
Serum copper levels in ALL before treatment showed highly significant increase to almost double the control level, but after treatment, the serum copper level showed reduction to approach the control values.