الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Multicast routing deliver simultaneous data stream to multiple destinations without sending duplicate copies over any one link with the objective of resource optimization. Most multimedia applications involve the simultaneous transmission and distribution of data to numerous destinations such as numerous forms of video conferencing, e-commerce systems, replicated database querying, and online games. These applications generally are delay sensitive and require high bandwidth. Real-time traffic is usually bandwidth extensive and requires quality of service (QoS) guarantees from the underlying network. However, the data networks heterogeneity make multicast communication a difficult problem in wide-area networks. In such networks, different users can access the network via different bandwidth interfaces. Some users can only access the networks via low-speed connection while others can use relatively high-bandwidth connections. Therefore, layered-video multicast is an elegant solution to the heterogeneity of networks and users. In particular, by sending each layer through different multicast group this will introduce large numbers of groups which mean large number of forwarding state to be maintained at routers, which translates into large memory requirement and slow packet forwarding. Also, large numbers of groups mean large numbers of trees to be set up and maintain. Consequently, the number of corresponding tree setup and maintenance control messages will become huge. Hence the need for an efficient scalable QoS multicast routing algorithm for real time heterogeneous video receivers which employs the aggregated multicast, layered multicast encoding, and Diff-Serv architecture capabilities to provide QoS multicasting. In our solution, we can easily achieve state scalability, efficient resource utilization, load-balancing, dynamic routing to meet QoS requirements, and continuous video transmission for different QoS (bandwidth and delay constraint) receivers requirements.