الفهرس 
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Abstract
The increasing success at preventing acute renal allograft rejection has resulted in rejection rates of less than 20% and 1-year graft survivals of more than 90%.This success has led to focus on the improvement in long-term allograft survival, and the adjustment of immunosuppression to the individual need. Currently, all patients are treated with broad-spectrum immunosuppression with their myriad side effects. Yet, we know that some patient may discontinue or substantially lower immunosuppression without suffering any ill effects. The aim of the study: 1- To examine the relationship between recipient cytokine genotype and clinical outcome in patients with a surviving allograft of at least 5 years. 2- To assess sensitivity and specificity between different cytokines in predicting acute allograft rejection and chronic allograft rejection. Method: 50 kidney transplant recipients were subjected to: 1- Genotyping for cytokine gene polymorphism for interleukin-2 and interleukin-10. 2- Study of cytokine gene polymorphism and incidence of acute rejection episodes. 3- Study of cytokine gene polymorphism and incidence of chronic rejection. 4- Study of cytokine gene polymorphism and graft and patient survival. Results: 1- IL-2 and IL-10 gene polymorphism had no impact on the number or the degree of acute rejection episodes or chronic rejection. 2- IL-2 and IL-10 gene polymorphism had no impact on the incidence of chronic allograft rejection or the pathological findings in protocol biopsies among the study groups. 3- IL-10 gene polymorphism had no impact on either patient or graft survival.