الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil) when used as a root canal irrigant and a vehicle to calcium hydroxide. The study was conducted into 4 phases: 1- Micro and macrodilution assay. 2- Cytotoxicity assay. 3- In vitro study on extracted teeth. 4- Clinical study. The results of this study indicated that: 1- Both TTO and NaOCl were effective in killing microorganisms tested in this study at the tested concentrations. 2- TTO had less cytotoxic effect than NaOCl. 3- Chemomechanical preparation with either TTO or NaOCl at the tested concentrations significantly reduced the number of bacteria in the canals but failed to render them bacterial free in all cases. 4- No significant difference in bacterial reduction after irrigation with either TTO or NaOCl. 5- Intracanal dressing with Ca(OH)2/TTO significantly reduced the bacterial counts more than Ca(OH)2/distilled water.