الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 137 |  |  |
| | | from | 137 | | |
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) treat variety of diseases ranging from cancer, autoimmunity, aplastic anaemia and others.It repopulate the haematopoietic stem cells after myeloablative exposure to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Allogeneic HSCT is complicated by: (i)graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),(ii)immune deficiency,and (iii) donor graft rejection. Risk factors affecting these complications depend on many other related factors which related to patient,donor, and treatment. The most frequent causes of non-leukemic death after HSCT are infections where early post-transplantation stage is characterized neutropenia. HLA matching in HSCT has central role ; however, the perfect HLA match does not represent the optimal genetic make up. Other genetic systems operate and affect various outcomes of HSCT as genes f innate and adaptive immune response,cytokines &chemokines and minor histocompatibility antigens. The last 2 years have seen much excitement in the field of genetics where single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most extensively evaluated variant within the genome. Clinical evidence indicates that the innate immune system contributes to both the frequency and the severity of infectious events after HSCT. Polymorphism in immune effector genes may be as important as the degree of HLA antigen mismatch in determining HSCT outcome. In the future, evaluation before transplantation is likely to comprise a more detailed genetic analysis of patient and donor.