الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are different procedures intended to correct presbyopia and they can be classified according to the theoretical bases into two categories: Non accommodative treatment of presbyopia: including monovision , conductive keratoplasty , IOL implants ( monofocal IOLs - multifocal IOLs) , custom or multifocal corneal ablations ( presbyLASIK) and corneal inlays . Accommodative treatment of presbyopia: including scleral surgery ( anterior ciliary sclerotomy , scleral expansion bands , and erbium : YAG infrared laser radial sclerectomy ) and accommodating IOLs ( silicone-plate IOL , foldable acrylic IOL , thermoplastic acrylic gel IOL , injectable flexible polymer. Laser offers some potential advantages over other methods to manage presbyopia .It is less invasive than accommodating IOL and can concomitantly correct the near and distance refractive error. Different types of laser are currently in use for correction of presbyopia . Excimer laser surgery can be used to achieve monovision. Diode Laser and Holmium-YAG Laser on the other hand can be used in conductive keratoplasty to achieve a non accommodative correction of presbyopia .While Erbium:YAG infrared laser radial sclerectomy is considered as an accommodative correction for presbyopia .