الفهرس 
Review of Literature
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Abstract
One hundred (100) chickens and one hundred (100) ducks were examined by preparation of impression smears from internal organs (lungs, liver, spleen and heart) stained with Giemsa stain to detect the high incidence of Chlamydophila psittaci infection in ducks (55%) than in chickens (46.5%). In both chicken and duck, the highest incidence was recorded in smears made from lungs (62% and 72% respectively) followed by liver, spleen and heart. The histopathological changes and chlamydial inclusion bodies were detected in 70% (35/50) of examined tissue section (58.33% of chickens and 80.77% of ducks). Also, chlamydial inclusion bodies with Modified Ziehl Neelsen’s (MZN) stains were demonstrated in tissue section. 25 serum samples (12 sera of chickens and 13 sera of ducks) were examined serologically for determination of Chlamydophila psittaci antibodies using Complement Fixation Test (CFT). The results of serum samples were 8 (66.66%) and 10 (76.92%) positive in chickens and ducks, respectively. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was applied on tissue samples (pooled organs of lungs, liver, spleen and heart) of 10 birds (5 chickens and 5 ducks) using CPF and CPR primers to detect the presence of organism in 80% of both chicken and duck samples.
Chlamydial infection in birds is important as it represents a biological
hazard to human health as well as economic loss to the poultry industry causing
disease syndromes.
The aim of this study was to detect Chlamydophila psittaci infection
among the chickens and ducks in Dakahlia Province by different methods as
cytological and histopathological examination of organ samples collected from
birds of different ages from different localities. Moreover, serological tests and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied in this study.
The present study was carried out on one hundred (100) chickens and one
hundred (100) ducks of different ages that were presented to the laboratory from
private different farms in Dakahlia Governorate with recording the clinical and
pathological findings in each species.
The cytological examination by making impression smears prepared from
internal organs (lungs, liver, spleen and heart) stained with Giemsa stain was
applied. It detected the high incidence of Cp. psittaci infection in ducks (55%)
than in chickens (46.5%). In both chicken and duck, the highest incidence was
recorded in smears made from lungs (62% and 72% respectively) followed by
liver and spleen. The lowest incidence was recorded in smears made from heart
muscle (24% and 30% respectively). There is no relation between age and