الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 146 |  |  |
| | | from | 146 | | |
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome of disordered metabolism characterized by hyperglycemia, which results from defects either in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Diabetes was clinically classified into type 1, type 2 and other specific forms. Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of diabetes worldwide accounting for 90 % of the diabetic globally. Several pathogenic processes are involved in the development of diabetes, which range from autoimmune destruction of ß-cell of pancreas and consequent insulin deficiency to abnormalities that result in resistance to insulin action. The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance, impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production and decline in β-cell function. Insulin resistance means reduced sensitivity of some body tissues to the action of insulin which affect glucose utilization in many tissues specially liver, fat and muscle cells. Hyperinsulinaemia is considered as a marker of insulin resistance which characterized by obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and vascular abnormalities. Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a protein secreted by adipocytes and closely associated with insulin resistance in mice. RBP4 is expressed in hepatocytes as the principal transporter protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation. Many studies reported that, serum RBP4 correlate with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thus, via impairing insulin signaling in T2DM. Other studies didn’t found any correlation with insulin resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated the relationship between RBP4 level and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, 54 patients with type 2 diabetes and clinically diagnosed as having insulin resistance were included. In addition, 20 selected healthy individuals were taken as a control group. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score was estimated for each patient and control subject to ensure that all patients having insulin resistant. Moreover, the following parameters were studied, fasting serum level of RBP4, fasting insulin, C-peptide, anti-insulin antibody, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile tests as well as fasting and postprandial blood glucose (FBG and PPBG). Also, the anthropometrical parameters such as body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were evaluated.