الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Colorectal cancer is ranked as the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer and second leading cause of cancer death in U.S. In Egypt, colorectal cancer is the sixth most common cancer in adult Egyptian males and the fifth in females .Local tumor control remains an important aim in the treatment of rectal cancer because of devastating morbidity and unsatisfactory treatment options for local recurrence. The aim of this study is to compare preoperative radiotherapy either short course or long course with postoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer patients, aiming to evaluate difference in local control and survival, and to study the effect of preoperative radiotherapy in down-staging and ability to do sphincter sparing procedure. Our data showed that preoperative radiotherapy is trend to better local tumor control and rate of SSP than postoperative radiotherapy in resectable rectal cancer patients with higher OS and DFS but didn’t reach to the statistically significant level. LCRT showed a trend to higher local control, rate of SSP, OS and DFS but without statistically significant difference in comparison with SCRT. LCRT resulted in a higher percentage of down-staging than SCRT with statistically significant difference. Further follow up and large numbers of patients is needed to determined difference in local control and survival.