الفهرس 
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Abstract
Field experiments was carried out at the farm of the Agricultural Research Station, El-Gmiza, El-Gharbia Governarate, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt during year 2006. The experimental area was about 0.85 feddan (45× 80 m), it divided into 6 plots. The main object of this study is to determine the power requirements for operating the rotary plough under Egyptian conditions as primary and secondary tillage implement. The conclusion which can be taken out of this work can be briefly given in the following points: 1- The tractor fuel consumption increased from 9.10 to 9.63 and 10.20 & from 8.90 to 9.44 and 10.10, and from 14.90 to 15.71 and 16.60 L.h-1 as the ploughing increased from 3.0 to 3.4 and 3.8 km.h-1 in the case of using chisel plough as a primary tillage and rotary plough as secondary and primary tillage implement respectively. 2- The power increased from 34.93 to 36.96 and 39.15,& from 34.16 to 36.23 and 38.67, and from 57.19 to 60.30 and 63.71 kW as the ploughing speed increased from 3.0 to 3.4 and 3.8 km.h-1 in the case of using the chisel plough as a primary tillage implement and the rotary plough used as secondary and primay tillage implement respectively. 3- The specific energy (SEAS) decreased from 248.71 to 232.49 and 221.43 MJ.fed.-1 and from 205.87 to 191.53 and 181.08 MJ.feddan-1 as the operating speed increased from 3.0 to 3.4 and 3.8 km.h-1 for both of reduced tillage system (chisel plough+ rotary plough) and minimum tillage system (rotary plough) respectively. 4- For ploughing with reduced tillage system, the clods mean weight diameter increased from 29.01 to 31.99 and 33.06 mm as the ploughing speed increased from 3 to 3.4 and 3.8 km.h-1, and it increased from 26.51 to 28.90 and 32.39 mm as the ploughing speed increased from 3 to 3.4 and 3.8 km.h-1 in the case of using minimum tillage system respectively. That results and relationships are valid under experimental conditions. 5- the clods mean weight diameter has a reverse relationship with the energy required for ploughing a unit area, as the clods mean weight diameter increased from 29.01 to 31.99 and 33.06 mm for reduced tillage system (chisel plough + rotary plough), the specific energy (SEA) decreased from 248.71 to 232.49 and 221.43. On the other hand as it increased from 26.51 to 28.90 and 32.39 mm for minimum tillage system (rotary plough) the specific energy decreased from 205.87 to 191.53 and 181.08 MJ/feddan.