الفهرس 
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Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy-specific multisystem disorder that is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria occurring after 20 weeks of gestation. It complicates about 5-7% of pregnancies worldwide, with an incidence 4-18% in developing countries. In Egypt, 13% of maternal mortality is due to hypertensive disease with pregnancy.Risk factors for pre-eclampsia include medical disorders e.g., diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension. Other factors may be associated with pregnancy itself or specific to paternal factors.Pre-eclampsia is a multifactorial disease and is claimed to be a disease of theories which may include placental ischemia, vascular endothelial dysfunction, alternation of lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, immune maladaptation, inflammatory activation, molecular and genetic factor.Generalized endothelial dysfunction may be responsible for all of the clinical aspects of pre-eclampsia through imbalance of proangiogenic factors ( VEGF & PlGF ) and antiangiogenic factors ( sFlt & sEng ) secreted by the placenta. Both VEGF and PlGF promote angiogenesis and decreased in women who later developed pre-eclampsia but, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt1) and soluble endoglin (sEng) are increased in the circulation of women with pre-eclampsia before the onset of clinical disease.