الفهرس 
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Abstract
Biologic hazards in chest hospitals include infectious agents, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The transmission of healthcare acquired infections (HCAIs) requires three elements: source of infecting microorganisms, mode of transmission and susceptible host. The human source of hospital-acquired infections may be patients, hospital personnel or visitors. The reported health care workers acquired infections in chest hospital are mainly air borne (as influenza viruses, HPIV, SARS, RSV, MTB) or blood born including HBV, HCV and HIV infections. Laboratory associated infections LAIs are defined as all infection acquired through laboratory or laboratory-related activities regardless whether they are symptomatic or asymptomatic in nature. The actual annual incidence of LAIs is unknown; a reasonable figure is 1 to 5 infections per 1,000 employees. In all likelihood, the incidence is greater than reported. Prevention of biological hazards includes construction guidelines in hospitals, standard precautions. There are also additional (transmission-based) precautions which are specific to modes of transmission, environmental cleaning, sterilization and disinfection of patient equipments. There are also additional (transmission-based) precautions which are specific to modes of transmission (airborne, droplet and contact), environmental cleaning, sterilization and disinfection of patient equipments. Construction guidelines will usually include selection of the site of hospitals which should be away from overcrowded public areas especially for hospitals managing infectious diseases as TB, SARS, meningitis and pandemic influenza. Standard precautions must be applied to all patients at all times, including hand washing and antisepsis (hand hygiene), use of personal protective equipment, appropriate handling of contaminated equipment and prevention of needle stick sharp injuries. Laboratory workers can minimize the risks associated with work involving these infectious agents through the application of appropriate biosafety and containment principles and practices.