الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
• ICL is a phakic flexible posterior chamber lens that was introduced by Staar Surgical AG in 1993 for correction of myopia .It is designed to be implanted in the posterior chamber behind the iris in front of anterior surface of the crystalline lens, with support on the ciliary sulcus. The lens is made of material derived from collagen ,collamer, which is copolymer composed of porcine collagen and hydroxyethyl methylacrylate which is hydrophilic material with high biocompatibility and permeability to oxygen and metabolites. The lens has water content of 34% ,light transmission of 99%, and refractive index of 1.45.the current ICL model show one –piece plate design with a rectangular shape ,7.5 to8.0 mm wide , available in four standard lengths 11.5 to13 mm with differences of 0.5mm between different lengths. The ICL is supplied in powers ranging from -3.0D to - 22.0D . 3 different designswith different vaulting are available ICM V2 , ICM V3, ICM V4. ICL have the advantage of treating a much larger range of myopia than can be achieved with keratorefractive surgery. The skills required for insertion are, with a few exceptions, similar to those used in cataract surgery. The equipment is significantly less expensive than an excimer laser, and most or all of it is already used for cataract surgery. It is removable , thus the refractive effect should theoretically be reversed. It has a good safety profile , and is increasingly popular as an alternative to laser refractive surgery. It may lead to number of complications as; glare/halo, cataract formation , pupillary block glaucoma, corneal edema ,intraocular infection ,additional surgery to remove or replace the Implant , iritis/uveitis , pigment dispersion.