الفهرس 
IntroductiionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cadmium is a potent carcinogenic environmental pollutant that has been lastly linked to breast cancer. This research was done to find out the role of cadmium in induction of breast cancer both in-vivo and in-vitro. In-vivo study was conducted on 100 female patients who were randomly chosen from those attending Oncology Center, Mansoura University. Cadmium concentration was measured in urinary and tissue samples from 75 patients with breast cancer (test group) and 25 patients with benign breast diseases (positive control group), using inductive coupled plasma (ICP) - spectrometer. In-vitro study included primary cultured normal mammary cells and breast cancer cell line; were divided into 5 groups. The first was treated with ZnCl2 (10µM), the second was treated with L-cysteine (2µM), the third was treated with CdCl2 (15µM) and the last 2 groups were pretreated with zinc and L-cysteine (2hrs for each) before CdCl2 treatment. A matched control group consisted of untreated breast cancer cells was used. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations and bleomycin dependent DNA damage were evaluated. In-vivo study shows significant increases in urinary and tissue cadmium concentrations in breast cancer patients compared to their corresponding controls (p=0.000). Regarding in-vitro study, on normal mammary epithelial cells, significant reduction in cell viability associated with significant increase in DNA damage were observed (p<0.05). In breast cancer cells, A significant reduction in cell viability with significant increase in LDH concentration and DNA damage (p<0.05) were observed in cadmium treated group. Zinc and L-cysteine show significant reduction of cadmium induced toxic effects as regards cell viability and LDH concentration. DNA damage was significantly improved with zinc, while, L-cysteine shows a significant temporal improvement. It could be concluded that the present study posits a causal association between cadmium exposure and breast cancer with possible protective role for both zinc and L-cysteine.