الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
EtiologyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies occurring worldwide. The rates for these tumors are highest in developed countries, where they rank as sixth most frequent neoplasm. Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the seventh in women. Carcinoma of the bladder is the most prevalent cancer in Egypt and in most African countries. characteristics of an ideal tumor marker for bladder cancer include a rapid, officebased, inexpensive test that is noninvasive and possesses high sensitivity and specificity. The test should add toor, in certain cases, replacecystoscopy, cytology, and urinalysis. It should be useful to screen atrisk population, test symptomatic patients, and monitor for recurrence in those with prior cancer. The present study is concerned with using a noninvassive and rapid dot ELISA based on specific monoclonal antibody (CK1K10 mAb) for bladder tumor marker (BTM) in urine samples to diagnose bladder cancer patients before and after radiotherapy. At first, the CK1K10 mAb was used as a powerful probe for the identification of the target tumor marker excreted in bladder cancer patients. . Urine samples from patients with pathologically confirmed bladder carcinoma and from healthy individuals were resolved by SDSPAGE. Western blot analysis of resolved samples revealed that CK1K10 mAb reacted against an antigen of 65kDa molecular weight in urine samples of bladder cancer patients but no reaction was observed in urine samples of healthy individuals. The determined molecular weight of urinary BTM has the same of the high molecular weight human cytokeratin 1. The simple and rapid dotELISA based on CK1CK10 mAb was used for detection of BTM in urine of 43 bladder cancer patients before treatment. It seems clear that the dotELISA for the detection of BTM in urine is a rapid and effective way to detect the bladder cancer. The dotELISA as a noninvasive, effective and rapid mode could be used for monitoring the bladder cancer marker during followup.