الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body and has a major biological and medical significance that influence growth, development and metabolism of every cell and organ. Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem, being the presenting complaint in nearly 4-7% of population, and present in up to 60% of population using ultrasound for the neck for other reasons. The importance of investigating a case with a thyroid nodule is to exclude the presence of thyroid carcinoma that present in nearly 5-15% of thyroid nodules. A careful history is taken from the patient focusing on the residence, occupation, symptoms of local pressure or infiltration as dysphagia and pain, previous head and neck irradiation. Family history for presence of thyroid diseases and thyroid neoplasm. After history taking and examining the patient, a minimum investigation including serum TSH and a neck ultrasound should be done. The most important useful further investigation in the diagnostic workup for a thyroid nodule is the fine needle aspiration biopsy and pathological examination of the specimen that will guide the treatment of the patient according to the result. All cases with thyroid nodules should be followed up regularly, and the periodicity according to the condition. An examination, serum TSH and a neck ultrasound are done in each time.