الفهرس 
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Abstract
Enuresis is a socially embarrassing symptom with emotional and behavioral difficulties. It is a common disorder affecting 15-20% of 5-year-old children and 1-2% of adolescents. It is classified as primary persistent or recurrent, or secondary adult onset. Although there are plenty of papers discussing nocturnal enuresis in children, only a few focus on nocturnal enuresis in older adults. Research into nocturnal enuresis in adults demonstrates that nocturnal polyuria occurs as result of nocturnal reduction in renal sensitivity to the antidiuretic action of AVP. The time sequence for this change in pathophysiology is unknown. There are conflicting opinions in the literature as to whether the functional bladder volume in enuretics is normal or reduced. It has been demonstrated that overactive involuntary detrusor contractions occur during sleep in enuretics. These overactive contractions imply that the detrusor is not perfectly relaxed between voids; therefore the reservoir capacity of the overactive bladder will be smaller than normal. The cause of enuresis is commonly multifactorial and multimodal therapies may need to be employed. This may include either pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods or surgical procedures.