الفهرس 
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Abstract
Total Body Water is 60% of body weight; depends on fatty tissue. It is highest in the newborn, child and adult males and lowest in adult females and in adults with a large volume of adipose tissue. Fluid homeostasis is altered preoperatively, as with prolonged fasting, and intraoperatively through the influence of anesthesia as well as the tissue trauma of the surgical procedure. Aberrations in the patient’s normal fluid volume status during these conditions obviously influence the requested care of the patient in the immediate postoperative phase. Dehydration that accompanies prolonged preoperative oral fluid abstinence aggravates the decreases in systemic blood pressure associated with general anesthesia. Preoperative iv fluid administration may be indicated to attenuate the dehydration that is observed with a prolonged fasting period.