الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This essay aims to put spotlights on the concept of blood management, considering the recent risks and costs of allogenic blood transfusion and the new strategies that contribute to reduce or eliminate the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. In addition, allogeneic blood transfusion alternatives, their types, indications, dosage and adverse effects will be reviewed. Conclusions • Blood transfusion is supportive treatment in certain diseases and blood disorders, and sometimes it is life saving procedure. • Safe transfusion therapy is a basic requirement for advanced medical care. • Allogeneic blood transfusion is essentially a form of organ transplantation but the risks of transfusion have been long recognized. • Alternatives of blood transfusion were researched to avoid many allogeneic blood transfuse complications. • Among autologous transfusion techniques, Acute Normovolaemic Haemodilution (ANH) and/or Intraoperative Cell Salvage (ICS) are the most effective.