الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the Work
TYPE II Autoimmune Skin DiseaseOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Autoimmunity is an immune response directed against an antigen within the body of the host. When the specific immune receptors fail to differentiate self from foreign, the effector mechanisms are directed toward the individual’s own tissues, and pathological autoimmune disease results. Autoimmune reactions are part of the physiological functioning of the immune system. Natural self-reactive antibodies are found at low concentration in the serum of normal individuals. Tolerance against self-antigens is a highly regulated process. And the failure of both central and peripheral tolerance maturations leads to the development of autoimmunity with production of autoantibodies. Autoimmune skin diseases are classified into two categories: type (1) which includes cutaneous lupus erythematosus ,systemic sclerosis and dermatomyositis., and type (2) which includes pemphigus , pemphigoid, EBA , dermatitis herpitiformis and vitiligo. Autoantibodies have an important role in diagnosis, prediction and prognosis of these autoimmune skin diseases as: antinuclear antibodies(ANA) , anti ds DNA, Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB in cutaneous lupus erythematosus., and anti centromere antibody (ACA) and anti topoisomerase I in scleroderma. There are so many methods which can be used for detection of autoantibodies as: IIF, Ouchterlony immunodiffusion,CIE, ELISA and FEIA. Recently multiplex technologies are being used for the study of autoantibody profiles.