الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
reduced male ferility can be the result of congenital and acquired urogenital abnormalities , infections of the genital tract, increased scrotal temperature (varicocele), endocrine disturbances, genetic abnormalities and immunological factors. no causal factor is found in 60-75% of cases (idiopathic male infertility). these men present with no previous history associated with fertility probles and have normal findings on physical examination and endocrine laboratory testing.