الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Pain is a subjective concept that can only be defined by the individual experiencing the pain and has a negative effect on the individual’s quality of life. The subjectivity and multidimensional nature of pain requires healthcare professionals to approach pain assessment using a combination of a pediatric’s verbal report in conjunction with behavioural observation and physiological measures. The severe pain seen so frequently after orthopedic surgery is largely a result of the nature of the surgical procedure which often involves significant muscle and skeletal tissue repair or reconstruction. Pain management for children includes Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Pharmacological intervention includes NSAIDs, opioids, PCA, paracetamol, regional techniques, multimodal analgesia and wound local anesthetic injection. Non pharmacological strategies include cognitive– behavioral therapies, distraction, massage and acupuncture.