الفهرس 
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Abstract
Classification of esophageal injury recognizes three major categories of causes: penetrating trauma, chemical trauma and foreign body ingestion injuries. Penetrating trauma includes gunshor wounds, stab wounds, and medical instrumentation injuries from endoscopic procedures. Blunt trauma occurs by dramatic pressure changes within the esophagus. Chemical traumas includes those from ingestion of a caustic material that causes injury to the entire esophagus