الفهرس 
Historical reviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Despite enormous improvement in preventing transfusion related diseases, homologous transfusion still represents a high-risk procedure due to transfusion reactions or transfusion-related diseases. Many patients undergoing cardiac operations receive a homologous blood or blood products during me time of hospitalization and consequently are exposed to a lot of risks such as viral or bacterial infection, hemolytic reactions, and there are evidence of immunosuppressive effects of allogeneic transfusion with the possibility of increased liability to post-surgical infection or recurrence of malignant disease For these reasons, many cardiac surgeons seek to develop adequate systems to reduce transfusions during and after open heart operations.During the last decades, many techniques have proved to be useful for this purposed Acute nonnovolemic hemodilution, acute preoperative plasmapheresis reinfusion of shed mediastinal blood and the use of pharmacologic agents such as aprotinin and erythropoietin, all have been shown to be highly effective in reducing blood use during and after cardiac operations. Recent reports underline the efficacy of combining these techniques in a blood conservation program to further decrease blood use and therefore decreasing the risk of blood related infections.