الفهرس 
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Abstract
Indwelling vascular catheters, such as central venous catheters, (CVC) pulmonary artery catheters (PAC), and arterial catheters (AC), are essential in surgical ICU (SICU) patients to manage iv drug infusions, blood products, hemodynamic monitoring, nutrition, -and dialysis. The principal complications of these indwelling vascular catheters are mechanical and infection-related.
Some investigators , Feel that mechanical complications can be minimized by experience and the Seldinger technique, but major complications occur in 4% to 11% of cases when central catheterization is relocated at a fresh site. Infectious complications vary with the population studied, but occur in 0 to 19% of critically ill patients . Many catheter factors increase the risk of infection, including catheter longevity, construction, technique of care, and technique of placement.