الفهرس 
Indications of blood transfusionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Preoperative hemodilution has been introduced into surgery in 1973 as an alternative to the transfusion of homologous blood due to shortage in blood supply and the hazards of homologous blood. whereas the general risks of blood transfusion have been reduced during recent years. The appearance of the Acquired Immuno Deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has had serious impacts on the transfusion services and the transfusion policy. In addition various prospective studies have suggested that transfusion of homologous blood induce immunosuppresion which in turn adversely affects the host resistance of surgical / patients .During the last decades. Many techniques have proved to be useful for this purpose. Acute normoVolemic hemodilution, acute preoperative plasma Pheresi8 , reinfusion of shed mediastinal blood, and the use of pharmacologic agents such as aprotinln and the erythropoietin , all have been shown to be highly effective in reducing blood use during and after operations. Recent reports underline the efficacy of combining these techniques in a blood conservation program to further decrease blood use and therefore decreasing the risk of blood related infections .