الفهرس 
Extracorporeal circulationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Extended mechanical ventilatory support of patients after cardiac surgery was advocated in the 1960s and early 1970s. to decrease atelectasis. reduce the work of breathing, allow greater postoperative analgesia and ensure adequate pulmonary gas exchange.However, the undesirable effects of mechanical ventilation are risks of pulmonary infection as endobronchial bacterial contamination or pneumonia, life threatening airway obstruction of endotracheal tube or ventilator malfunction, discomfort and the need for heavy sedation Additionally prolonged respiratory support does not improve patient actually increase the incidence of perioperative . These mcxttd events are a major reason for developing new treads in anesthesia for cardiac surgery which facilitates early extubatkm of the trachea after open heart surgery.In addition, dissatisfaction with lengthy intensive care unit stays along with increasing awareness of mechanical ventilatory risks and refinement of anesthetic techniques provided thefctputs of several studies to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of early extubation .