الفهرس 
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Abstract
Although t h e o r i b a t i d mite fauna r e p r e s e n t a group of animals t h a t has an economic and midical. importance. hvest i g a t i o n s about these Arthropods have r e c e i v e d s c a n t a t t e n t - ion from Zoologists in Egypt, Theref ore, the present vork has been done t o i n v e s t i g a t e some e c o l o g i c a l pro~erties f o r t h e o r i b a t i d mite comrnw?it;ies under a nunlber of natural and expertmental h a b i t a t s . And t o throw some l i g h t t o the taxonomicai c l a s s i f i c a t i o n f o r the animds under study. The present study includes two p a r t s as follows: P a r t one: In t h i s p a r t , t h e study atms to: - Identify t h e d i f f e r e n t species of o r i b a t i d m i t e s p e c i e s i n - h a b i t i n g ALdIonouf ia Governorate and t o demonistrate the population density of such s p e c i e s under natunl h a b i t a t s . - Measure the degree of s i m i l a r i t y between the o r i b a t i d communities of these h a b i t a t s taking i n c o n s i d e r a t i o n the d i f f e r e n t ecolo~ical.f actors tli:it affect en auch cor:z~~rf-tLr~c. The methods a r e summarized as follows: - The study has been perfomled ofi the eight c e n t e r s of Al- Monoui’ia Governorate. Three locslities from each center a r e chosen r e p r e s e n t i n g t h r e e t y p e s of s o i l h a b i t a t s namely: a r a b l e s o i l s , orchard s o i l s and woodland s o i l s . - Eight samples from each l o c a l i t y have been c o l l e c t e d using a sampler of i r o n (10 x 10 x 5 cm3 ) wi t h t o t a l number of 192 samples r e p r e s e n t i n g the three h a b i t a t s i n the d i f f e r e n t c e n t e r s . 1 - Modified Eerleses funnels was used f o r e x t r a c t i o n the ~mimals from the samples. The examination of prepared specimens were achieved by the temporary preparation. Drawings of the new species were made t o t h e s c a l e by the a i d of a camera lucida. - The d i f f e r e n t physico-chemical f a c t o r s have been determined. The r e s u l t s obtained were as follows: - 39 o r i b a t i d m i t e s p e c i e s have been recorded and were taxonanically arranged i n a l i s t where Lts d i s t r i b u t i o n and d e n s i t y in d i f f e r e n t l o c a l i t i e s were shown. - Six out of th.e 39 recorded species were found t o 5e nev for science, and these specLes were recorded under the nszes: Scheloribates magnuus, S c h e l o r i b a t e s -tr a.r~splicatus,a -~oribntula --^.Iaegyptica, Xylobates aegypticu.~,X ylob~~-t;e~a- )e~x,ylo,b-at’oiIde s Galwnna aet~gptica. Full d e s c r i p t i o n s w i t h f i g u r e s f o r these new species and tsbles of cornparasion between them a n d the more r e l a t e d ones were given. - I d e n t i f i c a t i o n keys f o r the d i f f e r e n t Egyptian species of t h e two genus S c h e l o r i b a t e s and Xylobat-es were provided. - The data obtained showed t h a t both woodland and orchard s o i l s r e p r e s e n t the most favourable h a b i t a t s f o r t h i s group of animals where these h a b i t a t s showed the highest number of s p e c i e s and i n d i v i d u a l s . This due t o t h e highest s t a b i l i t y of these h a b i t a t s , in a d d i t i o n t o the abundance of the physico- chemical f a c t o r s ~uchas t empe r a tur e , moisture md t h e presence of t h e decaying materials i n the fom of fallen Leaves. the a r a b l e la~dh a b i t a t i s unfavourable s i t e f o r the the aEinials under i n v e s t i g a t i o n where it is ccntinuosly a p t t o the changable conditions. - There is a strong r e l a t i o n between t h e dominancies of species and their frequenc5es i n the suitable h a b i t a t s but such r e l a - t i o n was not reported in t h e a r a b l e h a b i t a t . - The degree of s i m i l a r i t y between the oribatid communities i n the different L o c a l i t i e s depends on the type of ve~etatlon cover, soil. rnositure and the organic c o n t e n t . P a r t two: The second p a r t aimes at studying: - The e f f e c t of cliff erent h a b i t a t s on the oribatid mite comunities at two orchard regions and i d e n t i f y i n g the distribu t i o n a l p a t t e r n f o r these anfmals. - The e f f e c t of d i f f e r e n t mi c r o h a b i t a t s on t h e struc-b~meo f the f a u n a l oribatid commun5ties and determining the degree of s i m i l a r i t i e s between these communi-ties, besides the study of t h e limit& e c o l o g i c a l f a c t o r s . - The e f f e c t of t h e p o l l u t i o n as manifested by t h e high content of organic matter on t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of oribtid communities. The plan of the work was as follows: - selection of two orchards, one of them was subjected t o p o l l - ution as previously described. - Each of orchard was represented by t h r e e microhabito.ts: a ) Natural ~icrohabitats( s o i l samples , s u r f a c e l i t t e r s and under rocks microhabitats). b) Experimental f r e s h f o l i a g e s microhabitat s (mane,, apple ad orange f o l i a g e s ) . C) Experimental decayed l i t t e r s nicrohabitots (mango, apple ad orange l i t t e r s ) . - The study w a s c a r r i e d out monthly through a period of one year. The d i f f e r e n t e c o l o g i c a l f a c t o r s a f f e c t i n g the m i - crohabitats such as temperature, moisture, PH, s a l i n i t y , organic matter content and b e s i d e s c h a r a c t r i z i n g the type of fmgi in a s s o c c i a t i o n w i t h these microhabitats were estimated monthly during the experimental period. - Samples of m i c r o h a b i t a t s were separated by using modifjed I Berelesesf mels. -Samples f o r identil’ica-cion were il~icroscopicallye xamined by the ternp0ra.r~ p r e p a r a t i o n method, The so f a r obtained r e s u l t s vere as follows: - The natural m i c r o h a b i t a t s r e p r e s e n t the most favourable sits f o r the o r i b a t i d mite communities. The e c o l o g i c a l f a c t o r s such as temperature, moisture and presence of f a l l e n leaves were fomd t o be the l i m i t i n g factors in the monthly d i s t r i - b u t i o n a l p a t t e r n . - The decayed l i t t e r m i c r o h a b i t a t s showed the highest values of species number afid population density compared with the f r e s h f o l i a g e ones. - Oribatid mite showed two generations a l l over the yem a n d t h i s was c o r r e l a t e d t o the favowable e c o l o g i c a l f a c t o r s and the dominant species.