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Abstract
Chapter 1:
Some studies on dyeing properties using Cedrela Toona (bark):
Factors affecting dyeing properties of cotton fabrics using Cedrela Toona (bark):
1- It can be seen that pre-treatment of cotton fabric with tannic acid (60g/L) increases the stability of the dye on the fabric, and also makes the colour strength of the dyed samples higher than the untreated one.
2- The pre-treated cotton fabric with tannic acid (60g/L) dyed with natural colouring matter extracted from 18 g Cedrela Toona (bark)/ 100 ml water gives better colour strength.
3- Colour strength values for washed dyed pre-treated cotton fabrics shows better values using 18 g/L salt at pH 7 and dyeing bath temp. 100 °C for 60 min.
4- The colour strength of the dyed fabrics after washing is greater than the colour strength of the dyed fabrics before washing which may be due to aggregation of the dye during washing process
5- Using different mordants as well as different methods for mordanting dyed pre-treated cotton fabrics gives beautiful colourful wide range of hues. It can be seen that pre-mordanting gives higher colour strength than simultaneous mordanting and post mordanting.
6- It is found that for all mordants, the dry crocking fastness is almost good whereas the wet one is fair to good. Acid and alkaline perspiration are very good to excellent rating as well as washing. The light fastness is almost fairly good to good.
7- The total difference AE CIE (Lab between two colours each given in terms of (L*, a*, b*) was measured for the treated and/or untreated cotton samples dyed with Cedrela Toona (bark).Also [AE, L, a* and b*] were measured for the pre-treated cotton fabric with tannic acid (60g/L) (control) and (pre- simultaneous post) mordanted dyed cotton samples.
8- The dyed mordanted samples were measured by (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) device to detect and estimate their contents of metal ions (ppm) for the cotton samples (pre-treated with tannic acid 60g/L) dyed with Cedrela Toona (bark) using pre- mordanting method.
Chapter II:
Some studies on dyeing properties using Chelidonium majus (roots):
Factors affecting dyeing properties of cotton fabrics using Chelidonium majus (roots):
1. The pre-treated cotton fabric with tannic acid (60g/L) dyed with natural colouring matter extracted from 18 g Chelidonium majus (roots) / 100 ml water gives better colour strength.
2. Colour strength values for washed dyed pre-treated cotton fabrics shows better values using 5 g/L salt at pH 6 and dyeing bath temp. 70 °C for 30 min.
3. Using three mordanting methods: pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and dyeing and post mordanting gives different colourful cotton samples with different metal salt used.
4. On using different concentrations of different mordants as well as different methods of application, it was found that post mordanting method gives higher colour strength than simultaneous mordanting and dyeing method and pre-mordanting respectively.
5. Comparing the fastness properties, it is found that for all mordants using the 3 different methods; the dry crocking fastness is almost good in pre-mordanting method and fair to good in simultaneous mordanting and dyeing method and post mordanting, whereas the wet one is fair to good. Acid and alkaline perspiration are fair to good rating as well as washing. The light fastness is almost very good to excellent.
6. The total difference AE CIE (1 between two colours each given in terms of L, a, b was measured for the treated and/or untreated cotton samples dyed with Chelidonium majus (roots). Also [ AE, L, a and b ] were measured for the pre-treated cotton fabric with tannic acid (60g/L) (control) and (pre- simultaneous - post) mordanted dyed cotton samples.
7. The dyed mordanted samples were measured by (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) device to detect and estimate their contents of metal ions (ppm) for the cotton samples (pre-treated with tannic acid 60g/L) dyed with Chelidonium majus (roots) using pre- mordanting method