الفهرس 
REVIEW OF LITERATUREOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cholecystectomy is one of the commonest elective surgical procedures performed today. Cholecystectomy however, does inflect considerable discomfort on the patient, requires hospitalization for about one week and loss of work up to one month. It is regrettable to admit that the physiological disturbance caused by the incision and the distraction of structures required to gain access was long underestimated.
New technology has rendered many conventional operations possible within the scope of laparoscopic surgery, but the data for many are not yet available to guide the surgeon in whether such procedures are appropriate. The overwhelming enthusiasm among patients and surgeons alike, towards laparoscopic cholecystectomy should not distract us from properly evaluating the new technique.
It is well recognized that conventional cholecystectomy is associated with significant pulmonary dysfunction in many patients. On the other hand, laparoscopic cholecystectomy although a minimal invasive procedure includes new factors which may affect the pulmonary function such as, C02 gas insuflation and changes in body position. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate objectively, the effect of both techniques of cholecystectomy (open and laparoscopic) on postoperative pulmonary function, using different tests.
To achieve this goal, a short review of relevant important anatomical and physiological points together with short resume about spirometric pulmonary tests were given. Management of gallstones and the effect of upper abdominal surgery on pulmonary function were briefly discussed. Short notes on both types of cholecystectomy and the physiological changes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were also reviewed.