الفهرس 
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Abstract
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of the Caucasian population.Despite its often abrupt clinical onset, IDDM is the result of a slow progressive autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas. This latent period may provide a lot of information for treatment to prevent the onset of clinical disease.The immune system which is been triggered here have three items (humoral antibodies, cellular and HLA molecular association). The immune markers (autoantibodies) can identify people at risk for developing IDDM prior to the onset of clinical disease status. The predictive value of these autoantibodies (1CA, GAD, IAA, IA-2A, 37K,and Phogrin) is high in the first degree relatives of IDDM.However, there is no evidence that autoantibodies are pathogenic,there is only indirect evidence that T-cetl tymphocyte are the major determinant of beta cell destruction, the infiltration of the islet cell with lymphocytes (insulitis), the transfer of the disease by bone marrow transplantation from a diseased donor and the recurrence of the disease in a diseased patients after islet cell transplantation from his healthy co-twin.All these observations are part of the main evidences that T-cell tymphocyte contribute to islet-cell destruction.