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Abstract This study concluded 250 pregnant women in labour attending department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Menoufyia University hospital during the period from September 2000 to November 2000.This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus among these women. Besides those infants delivered to HB5Ag positive mothers were screened through cord blood sample, collected serum of the mothers was tested for HBsAg by immune chromatographic assay, the newborn of each seropositive mother was screened for HBsAg using the same test. The prevalence rate of HBsAg was found to be 3.6 %. A highly significant relationship was detected in women with previous blood transfusion and hepatitis B virus infection (P<0.0001 ). in this study no woman had history of jaundice or recent history of liver disease , howevevr a significant relationship was detcted in women whose husbands had past history ofjaundice or past or recent history of liver disease. In the present study there was no signifcant relation between the age of the mother and HBsAg positivity. There were no significant relationship between the parity, occupat1n either high risk or low risk occupation and exposure to previous operation in this study and the seropositivity of the mother, in addition no significant relationship between age, occupation or previous operation and HBsAg seropositivity of their mothers |