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Abstract
Once ARF becomes established, therapy should be directed toward the prevention of complications.
Overt disturbances of extracellular volume and body fluid composition remain the objective indications for initiation of RRT in ARF these include volume overload, hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, and overt uremic symptoms.
Current treatment modalities replace only part of the multiple functions of the kidney. Accordingly, a bioartificial kidney including a renal tubule assist device (RAD) containing cultured renal proximal tubule cells has been engineered.