الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION TO DNAOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
polymorphisms, is attributed to several factors such as abundancy, stability with low mutation rates, high involvement in both Mendelian and complex disorders and finally SNPs are readily amenable to high-throughput genotyping.
The clinical significance of SNPs in different medical fields is highly increased in last few years. SNP is a direct cause in the occurrence of some diseases, a good example is sickle cell anemia. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms in the form of SNPs can play a critical role in increasing the susceptibility for some multifactorial diseases such as bronchial asthma, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease and autoimmune diseases.
In the field of cancer research, SNPs in certain genes are associated with increased risk of developing breast cancer and renal cell carcinoma. SNPs help in better understanding of the genetic background of many types of cancers, so more suitable and effective lines of cancer therapy could be achieved.
SNPs are involved in prenatal diagnosis of some chromosomal abnormalities, also provide a potentially powerful way of identifying the critical molecular events required for an infectious agent to invade a human host and for the host to eradicate the infection.