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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. This chronic inflammation causes variable degrees of airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness, accompanied by recurrent episodes of coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Airway limitation is at least partially reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.
Its causes and physiopathological mechanisms are various. Many cells, including eosinophils, T-cells, mast cells, airway epithelial cells, and humoral factors contribute to airway inflammation.
In spite of significant advances in pulmonary medicine, the pre-valence of asthma is increasing worldwide.
Many classes of medications are involved in asthma management including the classic medications like inhaled corticosteroids, which are considered the cornerstone in asthma treatment, long acting B-2 agonists, theophylline and mast cell stabilizers.
Patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma are usually treated with multiple medications, but a portion of these patients remain symptomatic and poorly controlled despite appropriate therapy, so as a result of the increased understanding of the pathophysiology of asthma, new modalities are being developed in the last few years which act on specific areas of the inflammatory cascade to tackle the underlying inflammation that characterizes asthma pathology.