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Abstract
Cancer is thought to be caused by a series of a limited number of specific genes, the so called oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Some of these alterations have been shown to be related to chromosomal changes because specific chromosomal abnormalities have been demonstrated by cytogenetic studies of cancer cells (Chant et al., 1996).
HCC is one of the most frequent occurring malignant tumours worldwide (Zhao et al., 2003).
Molecular changes of tumor DNA, with the exception of viral integration and p53 mutation, are poorly understood (Niketeyhad, 2001).
Major advances in cytogenetics was the introduction of FISH with cloned DNA probes that can recognize chromosome specific repeated sequences, such as alpha-satellite centromeric DNAs. An important advantage of this method is that the chromosome copy number can be determined in the interphase nuclei of solid tumors.