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Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are among the most common postoperative complaints and can occur after general, regional and local anesthesia.
Nausea and vomiting are important defensive mechanisms against ingestion of toxins.
The act of vomiting involves a sequence of events that can be divided into preejection, ejection and postejection phases.
Non anesthetic factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting include patients related factors (age, gender, obesity, history of motion sickness, anxiety). The operative procedure itself also affects postoperative emesis.
Several different mechanisms may play a role in causing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who receive regional anesthesia.
It was found that hypotension and the anesthetic mixture (e.g., addition of vasoconstrictors to the local anesthetic) increased the incidence of nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia. Outpatient (day-case) surgery and anesthesia continue to evolve in scope through the world outpatient surgery, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures occur in a variety of setting designed to eliminate the need for prior or subsequent hospitalization