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Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is an insult to the fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and/or lack of perfusion (ischemia) to various organs of sufficient magnitude and duration to produce more than fleeting functional and/or biochemical changes. It is associated with tissue lactic acidosis, and if accompanied by hypoventilation, it also may be associated with hypercapnia. The effects of hypoxia and ischemia may not be identical, but they are difficult to separate clinically, as both factors probably contribute to asphyxial injury (Snyder and Aurora, 2004).