الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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SmcNARY
The major 0bjective of pediatric inlensive care is to provide maximum
surveillance and support of vital systems in infants and children vith acute
but reversible life threatening disease. The majority of children admitted to
pediatric intensi•.e•. care units vill ha•.e•. suffered an acute, potentially
reversible life threatening illness or injury vhich if successfully treated, vill
restore the child to a normal productive life.(Dovnes et al., 1972).
The pediatric patients differ anatomically, physiologically, and
pharmacologically from adult ones. An understanding of these differences
and the ability of accurate monijormg devices permits the safe administration
of anaesthesia to pediatric patients. It must be appreciated that the neonate
(up” 28 days of age) and the infant (up” 14 months of age) are the age
groups in vhich the differences from the adult patient are most marked.
Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, suffering from
respiratory failure, ctrcuterory failure or head trauma are moarored ,
investigated, and diagnosed rapidly. Then they vill recieve intensive care
and treatment to a normal productive life. Neonates suffering from
congenital malformations (Trecheoesophageal fistUla, congenital
d18IlhragmatiC hermia, cmpnercceie and gastroschisis, and congeni1BJ.
hypertrophic pyloric swnosis) and need urgent support or sUlgery must be
transfered to the pediatric intensive care unit.
The pediatric intensive care unit commonly recieves children vho are
severly dehydrated and collapsed in vhom urgent resuscreuon and proper
fluid therapy is life.
Monitorincin paediatric anaesthesia takes on a broader meaning, it
include an useful methods of patient observation especially: CaIdiovascular,
Respiratory and Temperature monitorinc.
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Sccessful techniques of general anaesthesia of the paediatric patient
depends on the aneesthestologtsts ability to recognize, assess and manage
the problems rela1edto unique characteristics of this age group.
Within an IOU the individual components of patient, nursing and
ancillary s1ll.ff,medical staff, and monitoring and other equipment must be
considered as forming a complex interacting network. Staff will modify the
values of physiological variables during observenon and chart keeping,
normally so as to increase the utility of the ward chart as an aid to detecting
slow changes in the state of the patient. Interaction may also occur in the
opposite direction, so that the state of the patient is modified. Further
improvements in the early de1ectionof change in the state of the patient so 8.3
to anticipa1e complications and in rational patient care should take eccount of
the modes of interaction between humans and machines in an leu and not
try to improve a single component without regard to the others.